Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory, progressive, degenerative disorder characterised by thinning of the cornea – central or paracentral cornea starts to bulge and become cone-shaped instead. This process of thinning and re-shaping is termed corneal ectasia. This can make your vision distorted and blurry, as light being focused by your cornea forms an imprecise image on your retina, at the back of your eye. As keratoconus advances, it results in irregular astigmatism, and scarring begins to take place on the exposed high points of the cornea. This leads to a progressive but obvious reduction in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), with low-contrast visual acuity (VA) declining more rapidly than high-contrast VA.
This is a relatively common disorder of unknown etiology and most likely multifactorial. Many experts think that genetics plays a vital role. The term Keratoconus is actually a Greek word (kerato- idis: Cornea; konos: Cone), meaning cone-shaped extension of the cornea. Keratoconus is a common disorder with a reported prevalence ranging from 50 to 200 per 100,000. Keratoconus is generally first diagnosed during the teens to early 20s, but it can be unpredictable in how fast it progresses. It is significant to keep in mind that to avoid rubbing your eyes as this can contribute to the progression of the disease.
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